Pueblo people


The Zia symbol is on the New Mexico state flag. The Pueblo People are a group of Native Americans who live in New Mexico and in Arizona. When first encountered by the Spanish in the 1500s they were living in adobe and stonework towns, mainly in the Rio Grande valley and thus were called "Pueblos," pueblo being the Spanish word for town. About 25 pueblos exist today, Taos, Acoma, Zuni and Hopi the most well known. The Pueblo Indians consist of six distinct groups, each with its own language: # Hopi language group # Keres language group # Tanoan language group ## Tewa ## Tiwa ## Towa (only Jemez Pueblo) # Zuni language group They are believed to be descended from the three major cultures that dominated the region before European contact: # Mogollon, an area near the Gila wilderness # Hohokam, archaelogical term for a settlement in the Southwest # Ancient Pueblo Peoples Historically, they were the only group of Native Americans that supported themselves mostly by agriculture, although they live in one of the more arid regions in North America. European settlement began in the late sixteenth century, but the desert surrounding the Rio Grande Valley precluded massive intrusions into Indian land until the mid-nineteenth century. As a result and despite forced conversions to Catholicism by the Spanish, the Pueblo tribes have been able to maintain much of their traditional lifestyle. There are now some 35,000 Pueblo Indians, living mostly in New Mexico and Arizona along the Rio Grande and Colorado River. They were the first to successfully revolt against the Spanish in the Pueblo Revolt of 1680, which expelled the Spanish for 12 years. It began August 10th; by August 21st, Santa Fe fell. Most of the Pueblos have annual ceremonies that are open to the public. In many cases, one such ceremony is the Pueblo's feast day, held on the day sacred to its Roman Catholic patron saint. (These saints were assigned by the Spanish missionaries so that each Pueblo's feast day would coincide with a traditional ceremony.) Some Pueblos also have ceremonies around the Christmas holidays and at other times of the year. The ceremonies usually feature traditional dances outdoors accompanied by singing and drumming, interspersed with non-public ceremonies in the kivas. They may also include Catholic church services and processions. Formerly, all outside visitors to a public dance would be offered a meal in a Pueblo home, but because of the large number of visitors, such meals are now by personal invitation only. Some feast days appear in the list below.

List of Pueblos

In 1924 these peoples were granted US citizenship. In 1948, they were granted the right to vote in New Mexico.

See also

Further reading

ja:プエブロ Category:Native American tribes

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